343 research outputs found
Joint Distribution of Passage Times of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Diffusion and Real-Time Computational Methods for Financial Sensitivities
This thesis analyses two broad problems: the computation of financial sensitivities, which is a computationally expensive exercise, and the evaluation of barriercrossing probabilities which cannot be approximated to reach a certain precision in certain circumstances. In the former case, we consider the computation of the parameter sensitivities of large portfolios and also valuation adjustments. The traditional approach to compute sensitivities is by the finite-difference approximation method, which requires an iterated implementation of the original valuation function. This leads to substantial computational costs, no matter whether the valuation was implemented via numerical partial differential equation methods or Monte Carlo simulations. However, we show that the adjoint algorithmic differentiation algorithm can be utilised to calculate these price sensitivities reliably and orders of magnitude faster compared to standard finite-difference approaches. In the latter case, we consider barrier-crossing problems of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusions. Especially in the case where the barrier is difficult to reach, the problem turns into a rare event occurrence approximation problem. We prove that it cannot be estimated accurately and robustly with direct Monte Carlo methods because of the irremovable bias and Monte Carlo error. Instead, we adopt a partial differential equation method alongside the eigenfunction expansion, from which we are able to calculate the distribution and the survival functions for the maxima of a homogeneous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process in a single interval. By the conditional independence property of Markov processes, the results can be further extended to inhomogeneous cases and multiple period barrier-crossing problems, both of which can be efficiently implemented by quadrature and Monte Carlo integration methods
Multiple barrier-crossings of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusion in consecutive periods
We investigate the joint distribution and the multivariate survival functions
for the maxima of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process in consecutive
time-intervals. A PDE method, alongside an eigenfunction expansion is adopted,
with which we first calculate the distribution and the survival functions for
the maximum of a homogeneous OU-process in a single interval. By a
deterministic time-change and a parameter translation, this result can be
extended to an inhomogeneous OU-process. Next, we derive a general formula for
the joint distribution and the survival functions for the maxima of a
continuous Markov process in consecutive periods. With these results, one can
obtain semi-analytical expressions for the joint distribution and the
multivariate survival functions for the maxima of an OU-process, with piecewise
constant parameter functions, in consecutive time periods. The joint
distribution and the survival functions can be evaluated numerically by an
iterated quadrature scheme, which can be implemented efficiently by matrix
multiplications. Moreover, we show that the computation can be further
simplified to the product of single quadratures if the filtration is enlarged.
Such results may be used for the modelling of heatwaves and related risk
management challenges.Comment: 38 pages, 10 figures, 2 table
Exact Covering Systems in Number Fields
It is well known that in an exact covering system in , the
biggest modulus must be repeated. Very recently, Kim gave an analogous result
for certain quadratic fields, and Kim also conjectured that it must hold in any
algebraic number field. In this paper, we prove Kim's conjecture. In other
words, we prove that exact covering systems in any algebraic number field must
have repeated moduli.Comment: 13 page
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